With the development of photonic quantum technologies, single photons have become key
for various applications including quantum communication and quantum computing …

The light sensor of vertebrate scotopic (low-light) vision, rhodopsin, is a G-protein-coupled
receptor comprising a polypeptide chain with bound chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, that …

Despite investigations for over 70 years, the absolute limits of human vision have remained
unclear. Rod cells respond to individual photons, yet whether a single-photon incident on …

A comprehensive treatment of visual ecology Visual ecology is the study of how animals use
visual systems to meet their ecological needs, how these systems have evolved, and how …

Seeing begins in the photoreceptors, where light is absorbed and signaled to the nervous
system. Throughout the animal kingdom, photoreceptors are diverse in design and purpose …

The basis of the duplex theory of vision is examined in view of the dazzling array of data on
visual pigment sequences and the pigments they form, on the microspectrophotometry …

▪ Abstract Visual transduction captures widespread interest because its G-protein signaling
motif recurs throughout nature yet is uniquely accessible for study in the photoreceptor cells …

At low light levels, the visual system detects and counts photon absorptions with a reliability
close to limits set by statistical fluctuations in the number of absorbed photons. Thus the rod …

We investigated the impact of rod-bipolar signal transfer on visual sensitivity. Two
observations indicate that rod-rod bipolar signal transfer is nonlinear. First, responses of …

Haem is essential for living organisms, functioning as a crucial element in the redox-
sensitive reaction centre in haemproteins. During the biogenesis of these proteins, the haem …