Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces
and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens …

Monocytes play a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome, and especially
obesity. Given the complex features of their development from progenitor cells, whose …

While apolipoprotein E (apoE) expression by myeloid cells is recognized to control
inflammation, whether such benefits can be communicated via extracellular vesicles is not …

This narrative review explores the pathophysiology of obesity, cellular senescence, and
exosome release. When exposed to excessive nutrients, adipocytes develop mitochondrial …

As the primary cells of atherosclerotic plaques, macrophages play a central role in the
occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis (AS). In recent years, macrophages have …

Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that alleviates inflammation and obesity. The induction
of anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage is facilitated for treatment of sepsis and associated …

Obesity is a pandemic of the 21st century, and the prevalence of this metabolic condition has
enormously increased over the past few decades. Obesity is associated with a number of …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with the diameter of 30~ 150 nm, and are widely
involved in intercellular communication, disease diagnosis and drug delivery carriers for …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In
recent decades, clinical research has made significant advances, resulting in improved …

Overactivated inflammatory reactions hinder the bone regeneration process. Timely
transformation of microenvironment from pro‐inflammatory to anti‐inflammatory after acute …