Risk assessments are performed to estimate the conditions under which individuals or
populations may be harmed by exposure to environmental or occupational chemicals. In the …

With the release of the landmark report Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a
Strategy, the US National Academy of Sciences, in 2007, precipitated a major change in the …

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed that provides a
comprehensive description of the kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) and its metabolites …

Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and
informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to …

Biomonitoring data provide evidence of exposure of environmental chemicals but are not, by
themselves, direct measures of exposure. To use biomonitoring data in understanding …

Continuing a long tradition, Lu's Basic Toxicology, Seventh Edition, combines relatively
comprehensive coverage of toxic substances in food, air, and water with brevity, thereby …

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the most prevalent disinfection by-products identified in
chlorinated drinking water. Among the THMs, chloroform (CHCl3) generally occurs at the …

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model describing the disposition of chloroform in
mice, rats, and humans was developed. This model was designed to facilitate extrapolations …

Chloroform is a nongenotoxic-cytotoxic liver and kidney carcinogen and nasal toxicant in
some strains and sexes of rodents. Substantial evidence indicates that tumor induction is …

The current standard approach for assessing carcinogenic potential is to conduct a near
lifetime rodent pathology study with the high dose set to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) …