Background Significant clinician training is required to mitigate the subjective nature and
achieve useful reliability between measurement occasions and therapists. Previous …

Background Spasticity is defined as “a motor disorder characterised by a velocity dependent
increase in tonic stretch reflexes (muscle tone) with exaggerated tendon jerks”. It is a highly …

Background: The reliable assessment, attribution, and alleviation of upper-limb joint stiffness
are essential clinical objectives in the early rehabilitation from stroke and other neurological …

Objectives To evaluate the antitetanic effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT)
combined with isokinetic strength training (IST) on calf triceps spasm in patients after a …

Background: Grip strength is a powerful predictor of disability as well as a good indicator of
physical activity. Objectives: This study aimed to relate ultrasound (US) and …

Background: The assessment of muscle properties is an essential prerequisite in the
treatment of post-stroke patients with limb spasticity. Most existing spasticity assessment …

Introduction To overcome the limitations of clinical scales, objective measurement methods
are becoming prominent in spasticity assessment. The aim of this study was to assess the …

Spasticity is a common neuromuscular abnormality following upper motor neuron lesions.
Conventionally, spasticity is assessed through manual clinical scales, which have limitations …

Introduction Isokinetic exercise can improve joint muscle strength and stability, making it
suitable for early rehabilitation of stroke patients. However, traditional isokinetic equipment …

Background and Objectives: Biodex System® is an advanced dynamometer used for testing
various biomechanical parameters of muscles. Test outcomes allow for the identification of …