The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a microvascular network responsible for excluding
most drugs from the brain. Treatment of brain tumors is limited by the impermeability of the …

Advanced treatments based on immune system manipulation, gene transcription and
regulation, specific organ and cell targeting, and/or photon energy conversion have …

Nanomedicine has been extensively explored to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy with
modest therapeutic efficacy in the clinic, owing to various factors. A primary factor is …

The physical morphologies of nanoparticles, especially size and shape, always significantly
influence their biological behaviors. In the past, nanoparticles with constant physical …

Nanoparticles have been widely used in tumor targeted drug delivery, while the antitumor
effects are not always satisfactory due to the limited penetration and retention. As we all …

Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising mean to improve theranostic efficacy and
reduce side effects. Currently, only very small percentage of injected dose reaches the solid …

Recent findings suggest that the cellular and extracellular materials surrounding the
cancerous cells from an atypical tumor microenvironment (TM) play a pivotal role in the …

Uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation, insufficient blood flow, and inadequate endogenous
oxygen lead to hypoxia in tumor tissues. Herein, a unique type of hypoxia‐responsive …

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide that has gained much attention due to its
biocompatibility, enzyme degradation capacity and active tumor targeting capacity. Its …

Due to the ability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to prevent the entry of drugs into the brain,
it is a challenge to treat central nervous system disorders pharmacologically. The …