Increased glucose metabolism and uptake are characteristic of many tumors and used
clinically to diagnose and monitor cancer progression. In addition to cancer cells, the tumor …

Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and
proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism …

Metabolism is a major regulator of immune cell function, but it remains difficult to study the
metabolic status of individual cells. Here, we present Compass, an algorithm to characterize …

Through the successes of checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapy,
immunotherapy has become an established treatment modality for cancer. Cellular …

Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When
the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is …

Programmed Death-1 (PD-1; CD279) is an inhibitory receptor induced in activated T cells.
PD-1 engagement by its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, maintains peripheral tolerance but also …

Metabolic pathways and redox reactions are at the core of life. In the past decade (s),
numerous discoveries have shed light on how metabolic pathways determine the cellular …

Abstract Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of
haem, is primarily considered an antioxidant, and has long been overlooked by …

Adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells are crucial for protective
immunity against pathogens and tumors. Differentiation and function of immune cells require …

Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is inextricably linked to regulatory T cell (Treg)
biology. However, precisely untangling the role for TGF-β1 in Treg differentiation and …