Background Local anaesthetics and vasoconstrictors are essential for pain control and to aid
intra‐operative haemostasis in nasal procedures. They also improve access, and reduce …

Transnasal endoscopy can cause pain or discomfort for the patient. Topical anesthetic has
been used in an attempt to reduce this. However, there is no consensus on whether topical …

Introduction Needle-free anesthetic delivery is a promising alternative to traditional
anesthetic routes of administration. The purpose of this study was to determine the patient …

The present embodiments relate to topically delivered compounded medications. A
transdermal cream may provide the effective topical administration of multiple medications …

Background This double-masked, parallel-design, clinical trial assessed whether a
combination nasal spray (K305; 3% tetracaine hydrochloride and 0.05% oxymetazoline …

Methods Twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-
blind study. Four types of medications were applied in their nostrils with binary combinations …

Objective Topical nasal anesthetic (TNA) is used when evaluating pharyngeal swallowing
with high‐resolution manometry (HRM). It is unclear if desensitizing the nasal mucosa …

Objectives Nasal anaesthetic‐decongestant sprays are commonly used prior to nasal
instrumentation, such as flexible and rigid nasal endoscopy. Co‐phenylcaine (lignocaine …

Objective (1) Compare tolerance of aerosolized spray versus syringe administration of
topical anesthesia for transnasal flexible laryngoscopy (TFL),(2) analyze cost-effectiveness …

Objectives The study aimed to determine the effect of oxymetazoline nasal spray on the
patency of the fistula created after dacryocystorhinostomy, specifically: to compare the …