The purpose of this comprehensive review is to describe various aspects of crisis of opioid
use in the United States. The obstacles that must be surmounted are primarily inappropriate …

As early as the 19th century, OIH was observed in patients receiving morphine for pain. It
was recognized that a potent analgesic such as morphine could actually result in an …

Background Increasing overuse of opioids in the United States may be driven in part by
physician prescribing. However, the extent to which individual physicians vary in opioid …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

Objective: Increasing rates of opioid use disorders (OUDs)(abuse and dependence) among
patients prescribed opioids are a significant public health concern. We investigated the …

Background In response to rising rates of opioid abuse and overdose, US states enacted
laws to restrict the prescribing and dispensing of controlled substances. The effect of these …

Context Record numbers of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans survive their war injuries and yet
continue to experience pain and mental health problems, particularly posttraumatic stress …

Objective: Review, synthesize, and summarize recent evidence on adverse effects of long-
term opioid treatment for noncancer pain and present an organ system-based guide for …

Objective Prescription opioid use and deaths related to serious toxicity, including overdose,
have increased dramatically in the United States since 1999. However, factors associated …

Between 2002 and 2007, the nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers grew from 11.0
million to 12.5 million people in the United States. Societal costs attributable to prescription …