Proteins can be the root cause of a disease, and they can be used to cure it. The need to
identify these critical actors was recognized early (1951) by Sanger; the first biopolymer …

Protein glycosylation and other post-translational modifications are involved in potentially all
aspects of human growth and development. Defective glycosylation has adverse effects on …

To the editor—AlphaFold2 has arrived to change workflows in structural biology, for good.
However, the algorithm does not account for essential modifications that affect protein …

Biologics such as monoclonal antibodies are much more complex than small-molecule
drugs, which raises challenging questions for the development and regulatory evaluation of …

In addition to providing complete postnatal nutrition, breast milk is a complex biofluid that
delivers bioactive components for the growth and development of the intestinal and immune …

Chemical tools have accelerated progress in glycoscience, reducing experimental barriers
to studying protein glycosylation, the most widespread and complex form of posttranslational …

Cells run on carbohydrates. Glycans, sequences of carbohydrates conjugated to proteins
and lipids, are arguably the most abundant and structurally diverse class of molecules in …

Oligosaccharides together with oligonucleotides and oligopeptides comprise the three major
classes of natural biopolymers. Automated systems for oligonucleotide and oligopeptide …

Galactose is an essential carbohydrate for cellular metabolism, as it contributes to energy
production and storage in several human tissues while also being a precursor for …

The B7/CD28 families of immune checkpoints play vital roles in negatively or positively
regulating immune cells in homeostasis and various diseases. Recent basic and clinical …