Cancer immunotherapy works by stimulating and strengthening the body's anti-tumor
immune response to eliminate cancer cells. Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has …

Anagen stage hair follicles (HFs) exhibit “immune privilege (IP)” from the level of the bulge
downwards to the bulb. Both passive and active IP mechanisms protect HFs from …

In novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the increased frequency and overactivation
of T helper (Th) 17 cells and subsequent production of large amounts of proinflammatory …

The structurally and functionally related interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13 cytokines play pivotal
roles in shaping immune activity. The IL‐4/IL‐13 axis is best known for its critical role in T …

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) has long been at the forefront of the battle with cancer that
began last century with the therapeutic application of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) …

Natural Killer (NK) cells are critical members of the innate immunity lymphocytes and have a
critical role in host defense against malignant cells. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using …

Abstract In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a decreased number of regulatory T
(Treg) cells and their mediated factors lead to a hyperinflammatory state due to …

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) expressed on activated T cells inhibits T cell
function and proliferation to prevent an excessive immune response, and disease can result …

Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) constructed by integrating T cell activation ligands
on biocompatible materials hold great potential in tumor immunotherapy. However, it …

CAR-T cell therapy, as a novel immunotherapy approach, has indicated successful results in
the treatment of hematological malignancies; however, distinct results have been achieved …