Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are dynamic modular platforms that regulate myriad
biological processes through target-specific ubiquitylation. Our knowledge of this system …

Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to recycle intracellular constituents, which
are essential for developmental and metabolic transitions; for efficient nutrient reuse; and for …

INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that direct widespread gene
repression in the cells of humans and other animals. Each miRNA associates with an …

Iron is an essential element for plants as well as other organisms, functioning in various
cellular processes, including respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis …

Traditional pharmaceutical drug discovery is almost exclusively focused on directly
controlling protein activity to cure diseases. Modulators of protein activity, especially …

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are at the heart of many cellular signaling events.
Apart from a single regulatory PTM, there are also PTMs that function in orchestrated …

Proteins are dynamic entities that undergo a plethora of conformational changes that may
take place on a wide range of time scales. These changes can be as small as the rotation of …

All eukaryotes rely on selective proteolysis to control the abundance of key regulatory
proteins and maintain a healthy and properly functioning proteome. Most of this turnover is …

The protein ubiquitin is a covalent modifier of proteins, including itself. The ubiquitin system
encompasses the enzymes required for catalysing attachment of ubiquitin to substrates as …

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is steadily gaining more attention in the field of molecular
biology research. It is a major REDOX (reduction–oxidation reaction) metabolite and at high …