Virgin beech Fagus orientalis forests in northern Iran provide a unique opportunity to study
the disturbance regimes of forest ecosystems without human influence. The aim of this …

Spatial patterns of trees are important structural characteristics that can provide insights into
forest dynamics and may be related to the development stages of forests. The spatial …

Simplified forest structures following even-age management have been associated with the
loss of biodiversity, which may be avoided through disturbance-inspired silviculture. Here …

Canopy gaps are one of the most important structural features of forest ecosystems, and
studying of them can have useful results and implications for forest management. The aim of …

Canopy gaps are amongst the most important small-scale phenomena in many temperate,
old growth forests, and play a fundamental role in composition and structure of stands. Their …

Disturbance regimes and gap characteristics of the forest stands are the conceptual
foundations for the core of silviculture. The gap characteristics and disturbance regime were …

Canopy gaps play an important role in forest ecology helping to preserve biodiversity,
influence nutrient cycles, maintain the complex stand structure, and also they substantially …

Spatial distribution pattern of species plays an important role for understanding forest
ecosystem dynamics due to its effect on ecological factors such as establishment, growth …

Aims: Natural disasters have been extensively identified as significant events shaping
vegetation structure. In recent years, natural and unforeseen disturbances in forest …

One of the most important issues indicating the quality and quantity of forest ecosystems is
the distribution of natural disturbances resulting in canopy gaps (CGs). The present study …