The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or
pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive …

In recent years, a population of unconventional T cells called 'mucosal-associated invariant
T cells'(MAIT cells) has captured the attention of immunologists and clinicians due to their …

INTRODUCTION The microbiota promotes the maturation and homeostasis of the immune
system, in part through the release of microbial products. Early-life microbial colonization …

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by excessive inflammation of the lower airways. The
balance of protective versus pathological immune responses in COVID-19 is incompletely …

T cell lineages are defined by specialized functions and differential expression of surface
antigens, cytokines and transcription factors. Conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are the …

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unique innate-like T cells that bridge innate
and adaptive immunity. They are activated by conserved bacterial ligands derived from …

Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
are ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health …

BACKGROUND In addition to providing antimicrobial immunity, the immune system governs
numerous aspects of host physiology, in part through the coordinated action of tissue …

The unconventional T cell compartment encompasses a variety of cell subsets that straddle
the line between innate and adaptive immunity, often reside at mucosal surfaces and can …

During viral infections, significant numbers of T cells are activated in a T cell receptor-
independent and cytokine-dependent manner, a phenomenon referred to as “bystander …