Abstract Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is not a single pathophysiological entity and
appears to have a complex etiology. There are multiple genetic and environmental risk …

The understanding that sleep can give rise to, or exacerbate symptoms of attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and that good sleep hygiene improves attention and …

The cholinergic system has a crucial role to play in visual function. Although cholinergic
drugs have been a focus of attention as glaucoma medications for reducing eye pressure …

Tobacco smoking is an extremely addictive and harmful form of nicotine (NIC) consumption,
but unfortunately also the most prevalent. Although disproportionately high frequencies of …

This review summarizes studies that attempted to determine the subtypes of nicotinic
acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) expressed in the dopaminergic nerve terminals in the …

This meta-analysis examined the association between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and lead exposure in children and adolescents. Thirty-three …

Background Increasing evidence supports n− 3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation for patients
with psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, the exact …

The critical role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the basal ganglia is evident from the effect of
cholinergic agents in patients suffering from several related neurological disorders, such as …

ADHD is a brain based disorder with structural and functional abnormalities in widespread
but specific areas of the brain. The most significant and consistent structural imaging …

Introduction Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental
disorder affecting up to 5.3% of children and 2.5% of adults depending on the country …