This review article summarizes new scientific trends in research for metrology of small mass
(1 mg and lower) and small force (10 micronewtons and lower). After a brief introduction to …

The magnet system is an essential component of the Kibble balance, a device that is used to
realize the unit of mass. It is the source of the magnetic flux, and its importance is captured in …

Honorable Mention, Aldo and Jeanne Scaglione Prize for Comparative Literary Studies,
Modern Language Association Twenty-first-century philosophy has been drawn into a false …

Laser power metrology at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ranges
20 orders of magnitude from photon-counting (10 3 photons s− 1) to 100 kW (10 23 photons …

A high-precision current source, capable of supporting weighing measurements with a
relative uncertainty at the level, is essential for Kibble balance experiments. However, most …

Although the so-called magnetic geometrical factor, Bl, of a Kibble balance does not appear
in the Kibble equations, it offers the precision link between electrical and mechanical …

Abstract The “Quantum Electro-Mechanical Metrology Suite”(QEMMS) is being designed
and built at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It includes a Kibble balance …

Figure. The new NIST watt balance reflected in silicon crystals—illustrating two possible
ways to determine the Planck and Avogadro constants. These constants will be used to …

Summary The International System of Units, SI, in use since 1946, was formally established
in October 1960 by the eleventh Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM, with its …

The Kibble balance has become one of the major instruments for realizing the mass unit, the
kilogram, in the revised international system of units (SI). Researchers at about a dozen …