Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy of melanocytes and most commonly arises in the
skin. In 2002, BRAF gene mutations were identified in melanoma, and this finding resulted in …

BRAF is the most common serine-threonine protein kinase and regulates signal transduction
from RAS to MEK inside the cell. The BRAF is a highly active isoform of RAF kinase. BRAF …

Abstract Treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer remains a major clinical challenge.
Aberrant HGF/c-MET upregulation and activation is frequently observed in bladder cancer …

As significant posttranslational modifications, ubiquitination and deubiquitination, whose
balance is modulated by ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and deubiquitinating enzymes …

The introduction of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) inhibitors in
melanoma patients with BRAF (V600E) mutations has demonstrated significant clinical …

Background Intranuclear inclusions (NI) in normal and neoplastic tissues have been known
for years, representing one of the diagnostic criteria for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) …

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is involved in protein degradation and signal
transduction, but its function in the development of melanoma is unclear. We focused on the …

Resistance to targeted and immune-based therapies limits cures in patients with metastatic
melanoma. A growing number of reports have identified nongenetic primary resistance …

Abstract RING finger 43 (RNF43), a RING‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a key regulator of WNT
signaling and is mutated in 6–10% of pancreatic tumors. However, RNF43‐mediated effects …

Background: Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 28 (USP28), as a member of the DUBs family, has
been reported to regulate the occurrence and development of some tumors, but its …