Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) biomineralizing organisms have played major roles in the
history of life and the global carbon cycle during the past 541 Ma. Both marine diversification …

Do corals form their skeletons by precipitation from solution or by attachment of amorphous
precursor particles as observed in other minerals and biominerals? The classical model …

An unsuspected biomineralization process, which produces intracellular inclusions of
amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), was recently discovered in unicellular eukaryotes …

Summary Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of vitrified cells can uncover structures of
subcellular complexes without chemical fixation or staining. Here, we present a pipeline …

We investigated the manner in which the sea urchin larva takes up calcium from its body
cavity into the primary mesenchymal cells (PMCs) that are responsible for spicule formation …

The relationship between seawater temperature and the average Mg/Ca ratios in planktic
foraminifera is well established, providing an essential tool for reconstructing past ocean …

The process by which foraminifera precipitate calcite from seawater has received much
attention, in part because a mechanistic basis for empirical calibrations between shell …

Little is known about shell formation of calcareous dinoflagellates, despite the fact that they
are one of the major calcifying organisms of the phytoplankton. Here, calcitic cyst formation …

Calcium carbonate platforms produced by reef-building stony corals over geologic time are
pervasive features around the world [1]; however, the mechanism by which these organisms …

Bioremediation of Cr (VI) by microorganisms has attracted immense research interests.
There are three different mechanisms for bioremediation of Cr (VI): biosorption, bioreduction …