Biophysical signals act as potent regulators of stem cell function, lineage commitment, and
epigenetic status. In recent years, synthetic biomaterials have been used to study a wide …

Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based methods have matured into a powerful nanoscopic
platform, enabling the characterization of a wide range of biological and synthetic …

Surfaces and interfaces, of both practical and fundamental interest, have long been
recognized to be complex, yet while there are many microscopy and spectroscopy methods …

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses various techniques and applications of scanning
electrochemical microscopy (SECM), one of the scanning probe microscopies (SPM) in …

Various techniques have been developed and used to investigate how proteins produce
complex biological architectures and phenomena. Among these techniques, high-speed …

The atomic force microscope (AFM) has a unique capability of allowing the high-resolution
imaging of biological samples on substratum surfaces in physiological solutions. Recent …

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is now materialized. It allows direct
visualization of dynamic structural changes and dynamic processes of functioning biological …

Directly observing individual protein molecules in action at high spatiotemporal resolution
has long been a holy grail for biological science. This is because we long have had to infer …

We describe hopping mode scanning ion conductance microscopy that allows noncontact
imaging of the complex three-dimensional surfaces of live cells with resolution better than 20 …

In the history of science and technology, researchers have always undertaken endeavors to
enhance the degree of “directness of measurement”. With “directness of measurement”, we …