Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) encompass a diverse array of naturally occurring nanomaterials
derived from plant viruses, bacteriophages, and mammalian viruses. The application and …

Over the past 20 years, protein engineering has been extensively used to improve and
modify the fundamental properties of fluorescent proteins (FPs) with the goal of adapting …

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its homologs from
diverse marine animals are widely used as universal genetically encoded fluorescent labels …

Sensory photoreceptors underpin light-dependent adaptations of organismal physiology,
development, and behavior in nature. Adapted for optogenetics, sensory photoreceptors …

Signaling photoreceptors use the information contained in the absorption of a photon to
modulate biological activity in plants and a wide range of organisms. The fundamental—and …

This paper presents Yellow Fluorescence-Activating and absorption-Shifting Tag (Y-FAST),
a small monomeric protein tag, half as large as the green fluorescent protein, enabling …

Watching biological molecules provides clues to their function and regulation. Some of the
most powerful methods of labeling proteins for imaging use genetically encoded fluorescent …

The Light-Oxygen-Voltage domain family of proteins is widespread in biology where they
impart sensory responses to signal transduction domains. The small, light responsive LOV …

LOV (light, oxygen or voltage) domains are protein photosensors that are conserved in
bacteria, archaea, plants and fungi, and detect blue light via a flavin cofactor. LOV domains …

Genetically encoded fluorescent tags are protein sequences that can be fused to a protein of
interest to render it fluorescent. These tags have revolutionized cell biology by allowing …