The airflow limitation that defines chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the
result of a prolonged time constant for lung emptying, caused by increased resistance of the …

This review is an account of how pulmonary damage caused by cigarette smoke and other
environmental toxins can incite inflammatory and immunologic reactions that culminate in …

The small airways are defined as those less than 2 mm in diameter. They are a major site of
pathology in many lung diseases, not least chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a disease state characterized
by poorly reversible airflow limitation that is usually both progressive and associated with an …

This review article is a summary of a seminar organised by the European Respiratory
Society on “The role of small airways in obstructive airway diseases” which was held in …

The evolution of knowledge concerning COPD and its components–emphysema, chronic
bronchitis, and asthmatic bronchitis–covers 200 years. The stethoscope and spirometer …

To examine the nature and the degree of leukocyte infiltration and to determine the state of
activation of cells in bronchial mucosa of subjects with chronic bronchitis, bronchoscopy was …

This review will discuss imaging of the chest in patients with pulmonary emphysema.
Imaging findings must be related to the structure of the lung because emphysema is defined …

Background: Considerable research has been conducted into the nature of airway
inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but the relationship between …

A smoking-induced inflammatory reaction in the airways and lung parenchyma, comprised
mainly of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, has long been accepted to be the major …