The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-
messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of …

Abstract The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of
cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand …

Abstract LiteBIRD, the Lite (Light) satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and Inflation
from cosmic background Radiation Detection, is a space mission for primordial cosmology …

The present white paper is submitted as part of the “Snowmass” process to help inform the
long-term plans of the United States Department of Energy and the National Science …

An overwhelming number of theoretical predictions for hadron colliders require parton
distribution functions (PDFs), which are an important ingredient of theory infrastructure for …

We present the results of the most comprehensive survey of the Galactic plane in very high-
energy (VHE) γ-rays, including a public release of Galactic sky maps, a catalog of VHE …

A variety of observations impose upper limits at the nano Gauss level on magnetic fields that
are coherent on inter-galactic scales while blazar observations indicate a lower bound∼ …

A critical review of the standard paradigm for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) is
presented. Recent measurements of local and far-away CRs reveal unexpected behaviors …

We review the current status of parton distribution function (PDF) determinations for
unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for unpolarized nuclei, which are …

Context. Extended and delayed emission around distant TeV sources induced by the effects
of propagation of γ ray s through the intergalactic medium can be used for the measurement …