In Part 1 we discussed the nature of adolescence, and in Part 2 we have explored the
counselling needs of young people and the theoretical foundations of the proactive …

Objectives Examines the neighborhood-level relationship between gang graffiti and gang
violence in a large city in the western region of the US during a peak period of local gang …

Creative cities and culture‐led development discourses have come under increasing
scrutiny as elite‐centric economic development agendas tend to trump 'civic creativity'ideals …

Neutralization theory posits that individuals use various linguistic techniques to free
themselves from guilt associated with offending and/or to maintain a non-criminal self …

Why is there so little graffiti in Northern Ireland compared to cities in North America and
Europe–including Great Britain, to which it is constitutionally connected, and Ireland, with …

Graffiti is often viewed as a nuisance 'kids' crime, an act of youthful resistance and, as such,
it is sometimes given a lower policing prioritisation level than more 'serious' crimes. In this …

The majority of scholarly research on graffiti and street art has examined this phenomenon
in terms of its distribution and the nature of the perpetrators. Rarely has the law enforcement …

This study examines if graffiti initiation leads to greater deviant behavior. Swedish students
(N= 1,010) completed questionnaires in grades 7, 8, and 9 (aged 14 to 16 years). Students …

Since the early 1980s, in addition to the increase in graffiti and street art in many urban
contexts, a number of movies have been made that have either examined this phenomenon …

Exploring offender decision-making is important to understanding criminal behavior as well
as assisting in the creation of criminal justice policy. We analyzed interviews with 25 active …