Chronic pain is a maladaptive neurological disease that remains a major health problem. A
deepening of our knowledge on mechanisms that cause pain is a prerequisite to developing …

A highly regulated endoneurial microenvironment is required for normal axonal function in
peripheral nerves and nerve roots, which structurally consist of an outer collagenous …

The adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) is a promising therapeutic target for non-opioid analgesic
agents to treat neuropathic pain,. However, development of analgesic orthosteric A1R …

Sex differences in pain severity, response, and pathological susceptibility are widely
reported, but the neural mechanisms that contribute to these outcomes remain poorly …

Abstract ATP-dependent P2X3 receptors play a crucial role in the sensitization of nerve
fibers and pathological pain pathways. They are also involved in pathways triggering cough …

The decline of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) occurs in a variety of human
pathologies including neurodegeneration. NAD-boosting agents can provide …

Chronic pain causes both physical suffering and comorbid mental symptoms such as
anhedonia. However, the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying these …

Primary afferents are known to be inhibited by kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling.
However, the specific types of somatosensory neurons that express KOR remain unclear …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a major role in both sensory and affective aspects
of pain. There is extensive evidence that chronic pain produces functional changes within …

The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) collaborates with the dorsal raphe (DR) in
pain regulation and emotional response. However, the roles of vlPAG and DR γ …