What determines the consequences of economic sanctions? Is there a common explanation
for these consequences? This article provides a comprehensive review of the fragmented …

This article reviews the literature on civil conflict and development with a focus on the
socioeconomic consequences of violence and on promising policies for fostering peace. We …

This paper investigates the effect of economic sanctions on employment. We exploit the
imposition of a series of unexpected and unprecedented international economic sanctions …

Under what conditions do citizens consider external sanctions against their country to be
appropriate? Based on the literature on blame shifting, we argue that citizens should …

Wars impose tremendous costs on societies and the question of how to end them is of
foremost importance. Several hundred books and scientific articles have been written on …

If states are not to go to war, what should they do instead? In The Alternatives to War, James
Pattison considers the case for the alternatives to military action to address mass atrocities …

In an interconnected world, economic and political interests inevitably reach beyond
national borders. Since policy choices generate external economic and political costs …

Environmental degradation is one of the potentially unforeseen consequences of sanctions,
yet few studies have investigated how sanctions affect the environment. For instance, by …

Policymakers employ economic sanctions to deal with a wide range of international
challenges, making them an indispensable foreign policy tool. While scholarship on …

Authoritarian regimes are frequent targets of international pressure in the form of economic
sanctions or threats thereof. Existing research shows that foreign interventions can carry …