Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has dramatically altered clinical outcomes for cancer
patients and conferred durable clinical benefits, including cure in a subset of patients …

Simple Summary It was found that long-established tumor-derived cell lines do not
adequately reproduce drug sensitivity and behavior of a real human cancers. Therefore …

Objective Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibition and adoptive
cellular therapy have had limited success in patients with microsatellite stable colorectal …

Metastasis is responsible for 90% of deaths in patients with cancer. Understanding the role
of metabolism during metastasis has been limited by the development of robust and …

Functional assays on intact tumor biopsies can complement genomics-based approaches
for precision oncology, drug testing, and organs-on-chips cancer disease models by …

The basic idea behind the use of 3-dimensional (3D) tools in biomedical research is the
assumption that the structures under study will perform at the best in vitro if cultivated in an …

Traditional tumor models cannot perfectly simulate the real state of tumors in vivo, resulting
in the termination of many clinical trials. 3D tumor models' technology provides new in vitro …

As a reductionist approach, patient‐derived in vitro tumor models are inherently still too
simplistic for personalized drug testing as they do not capture many characteristics of the …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. The TME
contains cancer-associated cells, tumor matrix, and tumor secretory factors. The fabrication …

Precision-cut tumor slices (PCTS) have recently emerged as important ex vivo human tumor
models, offering the opportunity to study individual patient responses to targeted …