The structure, function, and evolution of proteins depend on physical and genetic
interactions among amino acids. Recent studies have used new strategies to explore the …

To what extent is the convergent evolution of protein function attributable to convergent or
parallel changes at the amino acid level? The mutations that contribute to adaptive protein …

The structural variability data of drug transporter (DT) are key for research on precision
medicine and rational drug use. However, these valuable data are not sufficiently covered …

The study of molecular evolution at the level of protein-coding genes often entails comparing
large datasets of sequences to infer their evolutionary relationships. Despite the importance …

The number of reported germline mutations in human nuclear genes, either underlying or
associated with inherited disease, has now exceeded 100,000 in more than 3,700 different …

Co‐evolution has an important function in the evolution of species and it is clearly
manifested in certain scenarios such as host–parasite and predator–prey interactions …

Patterns of amino acid conservation have served as a tool for understanding protein
evolution. The same principles have also found broad application in human genomics …

Highlights•Adaptive protein evolution may be facilitated by conditionally neutral
mutations.•Mutations can have different effects on different genetic backgrounds.• …

Modern technologies have made the sequencing of personal genomes routine. They have
revealed thousands of nonsynonymous (amino acid altering) single nucleotide variants …

Background Understanding the residue covariations between multiple positions in protein
families is very crucial and can be helpful for designing protein engineering experiments …