Infections mediated by broad host range entomopathogenic fungi represent seminal
observations that led to one of the first germ theories of disease and are a classic example of …

Parasites can dramatically reduce the fitness of their hosts, and natural selection should
favor defense mechanisms that can protect hosts against disease. Much work has focused …

Termites are eusocial arthropod decomposers, and improve soil fertility, crop yield, and also
are used by humans for their benefits across the world. However, some species of termites …

Grooming is a well-recognized, multipurpose, behavior in arthropods and vertebrates. In this
paper, we review the literature to highlight the physical function, neurophysiological …

Entomopathogenic fungus as well as their toxins is a natural threat surrounding social insect
colonies. To defend against them, social insects have evolved a series of unique disease …

Simple Summary Banana cultivation is crucial in all the tropical countries of the world.
Banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is a coleoptera whose larvae feed on the corm of …

The nesting and feeding habits of termites create the risk of contact with microbial and
invertebrate pathogens and parasites. Additionally, termite life history can result in cyclical …

Grooming, a common behavior in animals, serves the important function of removing foreign
materials from body surfaces. When antennal grooming was prevented in the American …

Social insects employ a range of behaviours to protect their colonies against disease, but
little is known about how such collective behaviours are orchestrated. This is especially true …

Immune systems are able to protect the body against secondary infection with the same
parasite. In insect colonies, this protection is not restricted to the level of the individual …