Abstract The concept of Smart Buildings was introduced by the Energy Performance
Building Directive, with the aim to promote energy flexibility, renewable energy production …

The residential load sector plays a vital role in terms of its impact on overall power balance,
stability, and efficient power management. However, the load dynamics of the energy …

Real-time energy optimization is essential for effective load scheduling, cost reduction,
maintaining demand and supply balance, and ensuring reliable power system operations …

While power system organization has evolved from a hierarchical structure to a more
decentralized model, electricity markets are still not up to date with the ongoing …

Accelerated development of eco-friendly technologies such as renewable energy, smart
grids, and electric transportation will shape the future of electric power generation and …

In smart grid era, demand side management (DSM) plays an indispensable role in
development of sustainable cities and societies. This paper presents practical challenges …

Building microgrids have emerged as an advantageous alternative for tackling
environmental issues while enhancing the electricity distribution system. However …

Energy management in microgrids is typically formulated as an offline optimization problem
for day-ahead scheduling by previous studies. Most of these offline approaches assume …

Highlights•This is fast-developing area, so review should be done often.•Microgrid control is
reviewed through different points of view.•Hierarchical organization review compares …

This paper proposes the use of a novel algorithm for smart-direct load control (S-DLC) and
load shedding to minimize power outages in sudden grid load changes and reduce the peak …