A substantial number of studies have been performed across the world to determine
transmitted drug resistance. Large variations between different parts of the world can be …

Background HIV transmitted drug resistance (TDR) remains at moderate level in Latin
America and the Caribbean (LAC). However, different epidemiologic scenarios could …

Abstract Background Although HIV-1 CRF12_BF and CRF38_BF are two epidemiologically
important recombinant lineages circulating in Argentina and Uruguay, little is known about …

Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) contribute substantially to the HIV-1 pandemic.
Among 105 CRFs described in the literature, 16 are BF intersubtype recombinants, most of …

BACKGROUND: Systematically obtained data on antiretroviral (ARV) resistance in
Colombia are lacking. Local estimates of resistance are needed to guide testing, therapy …

Background With the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), pre-treatment drug resistance
(PDR) appears≥ 10% amongst ART-initiators in many developing countries, including …

Background Here, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the HIV-1 subtype F1
circulating in Angola with subtype F1 strains sampled worldwide and reconstructed the …

Transmission of drug-resistant HIV (TDR) has been associated with virologic failure of “first-
line,” nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based antiretroviral therapy …

Background: The widespread use of antiretroviral agents and the growing occurrence of HIV-
1 strains resistant to these drugs have given rise to serious concerns regarding the …

The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection was first studied in Cyprus in the mid-1990s,
but the extent of HIV-1 diversity and the prevalence of drug resistance have remained …