Outside laboratory conditions and human-made structures, animals rarely encounter flat
surfaces. Instead, natural substrates are uneven surfaces with height variation that ranges …

It is well known that the osseointegration of the commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) dental
implant is improved when the metal is shot blasted in order to increase its surface …

A significant number of areal surface topography measuring instruments, largely based on
optical techniques, are commercially available. However, implementation of optical …

Vat photopolymerization (VP) is a rapidly growing category of additive manufacturing. As VP
methods mature the expectation is that the quality of printed parts will be highly …

By use of a superresolution pupil filtering technique to achieve a lateral optical
superresolution and a differential confocal microscopy technique to achieve an axial …

In this paper we analyze the capability of adaptive lenses to replace mechanical axial
scanning in confocal microscopy. The adaptive approach promises to achieve high scan …

We report a study of the correlation between three optical methods for characterizing surface
roughness: a laboratory scatterometer measuring the bi-directional reflection distribution …

The surfaces of strained mild steel sheet specimens were examined with scanning laser
confocal microscopy. Rigorous assessments were employed to establish the form of the …

Optical aberrations of microscope lenses are known as a source of systematic errors in
confocal surface metrology, which has become one of the most popular methods to measure …

The essential step in determination of height in confocal microscopy is localization of the
axial peak positions. A sinc 2-fitting algorithm was developed to achieve a reliable and …