Podosomes and invadopodia are actin-based dynamic protrusions of the plasma membrane
of metazoan cells that represent sites of attachment to—and degradation of—the …

In recent decades, the mechanism underlying bone metabolic disorders based on energy
metabolism has been heavily researched. Bone resorption by osteoclasts plays an important …

Bone remodeling is essential for the repair and replacement of damaged and old bone. The
major principle underlying this process is that osteoclast-mediated resorption of a quantum …

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) are related tyrosine
kinases that have important cellular functions, primarily through regulation of the …

The dynamic nature of the skeleton is achieved by a process called “remodeling” which
involves the co-ordinated actions of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes within the bone …

Proper development of the skeleton in utero and during growth requires mechanical
stimulation. Loading results in adaptive changes in bone that strengthen bone structure …

Podosomes and invadopodia, collectively known as invadosomes, are cell-matrix contacts
in a variety of cell types, such as monocytic cells or cancer cells, that have to cross tissue …

The invasiveness of cells is correlated with the presence of dynamic actin-rich membrane
structures called invadopodia, which are membrane protrusions that are associated with …

Osteocytes are differentiated osteoblasts that become surrounded by matrix during the
process of bone formation. Acquisition of the osteocyte phenotype is achieved by profound …

Regulated tissue invasion via motile and lytic events is critical for physiological processes
such as immune system function and inflammatory responses, wound healing, and organ …