Gravitation is the most tangible interaction of the four fundamental interactions of nature,
having been investigated long before the discovery of the electromagnetic, weak, and strong …

The redefinition of the SI unit of mass in terms of a fixed value of the Planck constant has
been made possible by the Kibble balance, previously known as the watt balance. Once the …

Micro-force measurement with high resolution, accuracy, and reliability is of interest in a
broad range of applications including gravitational-wave detection, intelligent healthcare …

Acoustic traps use forces exerted by sound waves to confine and transport small objects.
The dynamics of an object moving in the force landscape of an acoustic trap can be …

This review article summarizes new scientific trends in research for metrology of small mass
(1 mg and lower) and small force (10 micronewtons and lower). After a brief introduction to …

This work describes a metrological comparison between nanonewton force references
derived from an electrostatic force balance (EFB) and photon pressure from laser optical …

The new definition of the kilogram, which is expected to be adopted by the General
Conference on Weights and Measures in 2018, will bring some major changes to mass …

A new instrument is required to accommodate the need for increased portability and
accuracy in laser power measurement above 100 W. Reflection and absorption of laser light …

The ACute3D is a compact laser autocollimator, capable of precise angle measurement in
two orthogonal directions over a maximum measurement range of arcsec. The measurement …

This article presents a modified version of a traceable force-displacement measurement
device developed at TU Ilmenau. The calibration of forces is carried out by a balance with …