Seasonal influenza viruses constantly change through antigenic drift and the emergence of
pandemic influenza viruses through antigenic shift is unpredictable. Conventional influenza …

Influenza viruses are important pathogens which pose an ongoing threat to public health
due to their ability to mutate and evade immunity elicited by prior infection or vaccination …

The influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is primarily involved in the release of progeny
viruses from infected cells—a critical role for virus replication. Compared to the immuno …

Airborne influenza viruses are responsible for serious respiratory diseases, and most
detection methods for airborne viruses are based on extraction of nucleic acids. Herein …

Protection from influenza virus infection is canonically associated with antibodies that
neutralize the virus by blocking the interaction between the viral hemagglutinin and host cell …

Seasonal influenza virus vaccines are effective when they are well matched to circulating
strains. Because of antigenic drift/change in the immunodominant hemagglutinin (HA) head …

Seasonal coronaviruses have been circulating widely in the human population for many
years. With increasing age, humans are more likely to have been exposed to these viruses …

Current seasonal influenza virus vaccines target regions of the hemagglutinin (HA) head
domain that undergo constant antigenic change, forcing the painstaking annual …

Influenza viruses cause severe diseases and mortality in humans on an annual basis. The
current influenza virus vaccines can confer protection when they are well-matched with the …

Influenza viruses of the H4 subtype are widespread in wild birds, circulate in domestic
poultry, readily infect mammals, and tolerate the insertion of a polybasic cleavage site. In …