Myocardial and vascular endothelial tissues have receptors for thyroid hormones and are
sensitive to changes in the concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones. The importance …

Hypothyroidism is a commonly encountered clinical condition with variable prevalence. It
has profound effects on cardiac function that can impact cardiac contractility, vascular …

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) should be considered in two categories according to the
elevation in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level: mildly increased TSH levels (4.0 …

Key Clinical Points Subclinical Hypothyroidism Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as an
elevated thyrotropin level with a normal free thyroxine (T4) level. To confirm the diagnosis, a …

Context Data regarding the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and
cardiovascular disease outcomes are conflicting among large prospective cohort studies …

Objective Hypothyroidism has multiple etiologies and manifestations. Appropriate treatment
requires an accurate diagnosis and is influenced by coexisting medical conditions. This …

Background—American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for
the diagnosis and management of heart failure recommend investigating exacerbating …

Background Data from prospective cohort studies regarding the association between
subclinical hyperthyroidism and cardiovascular outcomes are conflicting. We aimed to …

Subclinical thyroid diseases—subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism—
are common clinical entities that encompass mild degrees of thyroid dysfunction. The clinical …

Context Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe and in the
United States. The aim of this review article was to assess the results of the prospective …