Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in
a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such …

Crystals of a variety of substances including elements, minerals, simple salts, organic
molecular crystals, and high polymers forgo long‐range translational order by twisting and …

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is believed to underlie formation of biomolecular
condensates, cellular compartments that concentrate macromolecules without surrounding …

Polymer Microscopy, Third Edition, is a comprehensive and practical guide to the study of
the microstructure of polymers, and is the result of the authors' many years of academic and …

This book introduces some of the recent key developments in polarization optical methods
that have made possible the quantitative studies of tissues and biological cells essential to …

We propose image processing algorithms for measuring two-dimensional distributions of
linear birefringence using a pair of variable retarders. Several algorithms that use between …

The dry mass and the orientation of biomolecules can be imaged without a label by
measuring their permittivity tensor (PT), which describes how biomolecules affect the phase …

Background—The evolution of cell phenotypes and matrix architecture in cardiac valves
during fetal maturation and postnatal adaptation through senescence remains unexplored …

To control organ shape, plant cells expand differentially. The organization of the cellulose
microfibrils in the cell wall is a key determinant of differential expansion. Mutations in the …

Seldom has the introduction of a new instrument generated as instant an excitement among
biologists as the laser-scanning confocal microscope. With the new microscope, one can …