Mine wastes pollute the environment with metals and metalloids in toxic concentrations,
causing problems for humans and wildlife. Microorganisms colonize and inhabit mine …

The physical and chemical treatment processes of leachate are not only costly but can also
possibly produce harmful by products. Constructed wetlands (CW) has been considered a …

Reduction of the high alkalinity of bauxite residue is a key problem to solve to make it
suitable for plant growth and comprehensive utilization. In this study, phosphogypsum, a …

Mining and mineral processing industries have generated a large amount of polymineral
wastes, causing the destruction and degradation of huge areas of landscapes at extensive …

Red mud (RM) is a highly alkaline, saline and sodic solid by-product released by alumina
industries, which pose an economical and environmental problem and establishment of …

It is estimated that approximately 1.2 tons of bauxite residue (BR) was generated per tonne
of alumina produced, and less than 3% of the annual generation is used. The high alkalinity …

The existence of bauxite residue disposal area (BRDA) is a serious problem in China owing
to the huge quantity as well as toxicity and high alkalinity of bauxite residue. To assess the …

Red mud (RM) is an alkaline industrial solid waste discharged from Bayer process, and its
high alkalinity is considered as a serious influence on environment and application …

The mining industry has powered the human endeavor to make life more innovative, flexible,
and comfortable. However, it has also led to concerns due to the increasing amount of …

Revegetation is a promising strategy for large-scale bauxite residue disposal and
management, potentially influencing the geochemical stability of potentially toxic elements …