Achieving effective pain management is one of the major challenges associated with
modern day medicine. Opioids, such as morphine, have been the reference treatment for …

Benzodiazepines (BZDs), a diverse class of benzofused seven-membered N-heterocycles,
display essential pharmacological properties and play vital roles in some biochemical …

Natural products found in Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom, represent
diverse scaffolds (indole, indolenine, and spiro pseudoindoxyl) with opioid activity, providing …

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are extremely popular owing to their facile execution,
high atom-efficiency and the high diversity of products. MCRs can be used to access various …

The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), a plant native to Southeast Asia, are increasingly
used as a pain reliever and for attenuation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Using the tools of …

Opioids continue to be of use for the treatment of pain. Most clinically used analgesics target
the μ opioid receptor whose activation results in adverse effects like respiratory depression …

Controlling receptor functional selectivity profiles for opioid receptors is a promising
approach for discovering safer analgesics; however, the structural determinants conferring …

Multicomponent reactions 9i. e., those that engage three or more starting materials to form a
product that contains significant fragments of all of them), have been widely employed in the …

Purpose Ocfentanil and carfentanil are two potent synthetic opioids that are analogues of
fentanyl and are actively involved in the recent fentanyl crisis. The aim of this review is to …

Pyrroles are among the most privileged and influential small N-heterocycles at the core of
many commercial drugs, biological composition, natural compounds, agrochemicals, and …