Genes on the mammalian X chromosome are present in one copy in males and two copies
in females. The complex mechanisms that regulate the X chromosome lead to evolutionary …

Sex differences occur in most non-communicable diseases, including metabolic diseases,
hypertension, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric and neurological disorders and cancer. In …

The long noncoding RNA Xist is expressed from only the paternal X chromosome in mouse
preimplantation female embryos and mediates transcriptional silencing of that chromosome …

Background As sex determines mammalian development, understanding the nature and
developmental dynamics of the sexually dimorphic transcriptome is important. To explore …

Background There is increasing appreciation for sexually dimorphic effects, but the
molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are only partially understood. In the present …

Background X-chromosomal genes contribute to sex differences, in particular during early
development, when both X chromosomes are active in females. Double X-dosage shifts …

In mammals, dosage compensation involves two parallel processes:(1) X inactivation, which
equalizes X chromosome dosage between males and females, and (2) X hyperactivation …

Most autosomal genes in the placenta show a biallelic expression pattern. However, some
genes exhibit allele-specific transcription depending on the parental origin of the …

α-Ketoglutarate (α-KG) is an intermediary metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and
functions to inhibit ATPase and maintain the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs); …

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) equalizes gene expression between the sexes by
inactivating one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals. Xist has been considered …