Preclinical studies coupled with clinical pharmacologic and neuroimaging investigations
have advanced our understanding of brain circuits that modulate pain. Descending pain …

Effective prevention of chronic postoperative pain is an important clinical goal, informed by a
growing body of studies. Peri‐operative regional anaesthesia remains one of the most …

▪ Abstract Opioid receptors belong to the large superfamily of seven transmembrane-
spanning (7TM) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As a class, GPCRs are of …

Norepinephrine is involved in intrinsic control of pain. Main sources of norepinephrine are
sympathetic nerves peripherally and noradrenergic brainstem nuclei A1–A7 centrally …

α2-Adrenergic receptors mediate part of the diverse biological effects of the endogenous
catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. Three distinct subtypes of α2-adrenergic …

Dexmedetomidine offers beneficial pharmacological properties, providing dose-dependent
sedation, analgesia, sympatholysis and anxiolysis without relevant respiratory depression …

Background Perioperative use of dexmedetomidine is associated with reduction in
postoperative analgesic requirements. This study examined whether dexmedetomidine …

This review summarizes recent findings on peripheral mechanisms underlying the
generation and inhibition of pain. The focus is on events occurring in peripheral injured …

The α2 adrenergic receptors (α2ARs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that
respond to adrenaline and noradrenaline and couple to the Gi/o family of G proteins. α2ARs …

Noradrenaline, through action on α 1-and α 2-adrenoceptors, is involved in intrinsic control
of pain. Peripheral noradrenaline that is mainly released by the sympathetic nervous system …