The rapid development of portable/wearable electronics proposes new demands for energy
storage devices, which are flexibility, smart functions and long-time outdoor operation …

The area of artificial muscle is a highly interdisciplinary field of research that has evolved
rapidly in the last 30 years. Recent advances in nanomaterial fabrication and …

Graphitic carbon nitride with ordered two-dimensional structure displays multiple properties,
including tunable structure, suitable bandgap, high stability, and facile synthesis. Many …

A need exists for artificial muscles that are silent, soft, and compliant, with performance
characteristics similar to those of skeletal muscle, enabling natural interaction of assistive …

Resulting from its wide range of beneficial properties, the conjugated conducting polymer
poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT) is a promising material in a number of …

Conjugated polymers (CPs), as exemplified by polypyrrole, are intrinsically conducting
polymers with potential for development as soft actuators or “artificial muscles” for numerous …

Electromechanical coupling in electroactive polymers (EAPs) has been widely applied for
actuation and is also being increasingly investigated for sensing chemical and mechanical …

Ionic actuators have attracted attention due to their remarkably large strain under low-
voltage stimulation. Because actuation performance is mainly dominated by the …

Flexible supercapacitors with high power density, flexibility, and durability have shown
enormous potential for smart electronics. Here, a continuous graphitic carbon nitride …

Conducting polymers are an exciting class of organic electronic materials, which have
attracted an increasing interest in the fields of bioelectronics and their biomedical …