Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), performing
complex functions in health and disease. It is now clear that multiple astrocyte subsets or …

More than 500 million people worldwide are infected each year by any of the four-dengue
virus (DENV) serotypes. The clinical spectrum caused during these infections is wide and …

Japanese encephalitis is characterized by profound neuronal destruction/dysfunction and
concomitant microgliosis/astrogliosis. Although substantial activation of glia is observed in …

In the central nervous system, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecules are
mainly expressed in neurons, and neuronal MHCI have roles in synapse elimination and …

Pigs are the amplifying hosts of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Currently, the safe and
effective live attenuated vaccine made of JEV strain SA14-14-2, which does not express …

The emerging viruses represent a group of pathogens that are intimately connected to a
diverse range of animal vectors. The recent escalation of air travel climate change and …

Humans often start smoking during adolescence. Recent results suggest that rodents may
also be particularly vulnerable to nicotine dependence during adolescence. We examined …

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a common cause of encephalitis in humans who are
dead-end hosts producing negligible viremia. The virus reaches the brain and causes …

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the disease pathogenesis of Japanese
encephalitis involves cytokine-mediated bystander damage. The mechanisms involved in …

Background The low immunogenicity of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) coupled with
negligible expression of MHC antigens has popularized their use in transplantation …