Viruses are nanoscale entities containing a nucleic acid genome encased in a protein shell
called a capsid and in some cases are surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. This review …

In many virus families, tens to thousands of proteins assemble spontaneously into a capsid
(protein shell) while packaging the genomic nucleic acid. This review summarizes recent …

The maturation of HIV-1 viral particles is essential for viral infectivity. During maturation,
many copies of the capsid protein (CA) self-assemble into a capsid shell to enclose the viral …

The bottom-up construction of biological entities from genetic information provides a broad
range of opportunities to better understand fundamental processes within living cells, as well …

For HIV virions to become infectious, the immature lattice of Gag polyproteins attached to the
virion membrane must be cleaved. Cleavage cannot initiate without the protease formed by …

Biomimetic microenvironments are key components to successful cell culture and tissue
engineering in vitro. One of the most accurate biomimetic microenvironments is that made by …

Markov state models (MSMs) have been demonstrated to be a powerful method for
computationally studying intramolecular processes such as protein folding and …

Nanobiomaterials such as virus particles and artificial virus particles offer tremendous
opportunities to develop new biomedical applications such as drug‐or gene‐delivery …

Viral pathogens are a significant source of human morbidity and mortality, and have a major
impact on societies and economies around the world. One of the challenges inherent in …

Viruses avoid exposure of the viral genome to harmful agents with the help of a protective
protein shell known as the capsid. A secondary effect of this protective barrier is that …