Mankind has recognized the value of land plants as renewable sources of food, medicine,
and materials for millennia. Throughout human history, agricultural methods were …

Future plastic materials will be very different from those that are used today. The increasing
importance of sustainability promotes the development of bio-based and biodegradable …

Improper use of conventional plastics poses challenges for sustainable energy and
environmental protection. Algal derivatives have been considered as a potential renewable …

The coexistence of algae and bacteria in nature dates back to the very early stages when life
came into existence. The interaction between algae and bacteria plays an important role in …

Carrageenan is a natural polysaccharide extracted from edible red seaweeds of
Rhodophycea class. It has been used as a viscosity increasing or gelling agent for …

Microalgae offer fascinating highlights to be enable them as elective raw material for
different applications through bio-refining process. They have special capacities to use them …

The use of microalgae is nowadays recognized to be an efficient and eco-friendly strategy
for the removal of contaminants from wastewater. Thanks to their versatility, these …

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biopolymers synthesized by different microorganisms and
considered substitute powers for petroleum-based plastics because they have similar …

Urbanization and pollution are the major issues of the current time own to the exhaustive
consumption of fossil fuels which have a detrimental effect on the nation's economies and air …

Algae biomass has recently attracted the attention of the green energy industry as a raw
material for biofuels production. Their high-water content has led to the choice of …