The development of cutting-edge techniques to study specific brain regions and neural
circuits that regulate sleep–wake brain states and general anesthesia (GA), has increased …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by a compulsion to seek and consume
one or more substances of abuse, with a perceived loss of control and a negative emotional …

A new theory about the origins of consciousness that finds learning to be the driving force in
the evolutionary transition to basic consciousness. What marked the evolutionary transition …

Chronic visceral pain is a major challenge for both patients and health providers. Although
the central sensitization of the brain is thought to play an important role in the development …

Brain lesions can provide unique insight into the neuroanatomical substrate of human
consciousness. For example, brainstem lesions causing coma map to a specific region of …

The claustrum is the most densely interconnected region in the human brain. Despite the
accumulating data from clinical and experimental studies, the functional role of the claustrum …

The claustrum, a subcortical structure situated between the insular cortex and striatum, is
reciprocally connected with almost all neocortical regions. Based on this connectivity, the …

The seminal paper of Crick and Koch (2005) proposed that the claustrum, an enigmatic and
thin grey matter structure that lies beside the insular cortex, may be involved in the …

The definition of consciousness remains a difficult issue that requires urgent understanding
and resolution. Currently, consciousness research is an intensely focused area of …

Flow and passage of time puzzles were analyzed by first clarifying their roles in the current
multidisciplinary understanding of time in consciousness. All terms (flow, passage …