Cyanobacteria and algae having complex photosynthetic systems can channelize absorbed
solar energy into other forms of energy for production of food and metabolites. In addition …

Thylakoids of land plants have a bipartite structure, consisting of cylindrical grana stacks,
made of membranous discs piled one on top of the other, and stroma lamellae which are …

Diatoms constitute a major phylum of phytoplankton biodiversity in ocean water and
freshwater ecosystems. They are known to respond to some chemical variations of the …

There are thousands of lipid species existing in cells, which belong to eight different
categories. Lipids are the essential building blocks of cells. Recent studies have started to …

The most conspicuous function of plastids is the oxygenic photosynthesis of chloroplasts, yet
plastids are super-factories that produce a plethora of compounds that are indispensable for …

Plants are easily exposed to a wide range of adverse environmental conditions. Lipids, as
one of the most crucial components of biological membranes in all plant tissues, have …

Pyrenoids are non-membrane bound organelles found in chloroplasts of algae and hornwort
plants that can be seen by light-microscopy. Pyrenoids are formed by liquid-liquid phase …

Plant cell membranes are the sites of sensing and initiation of rapid responses to changing
environmental factors including salinity stress. Understanding the mechanisms involved in …

Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a
unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct …

Thylakoid membranes, the universal structure where photosynthesis takes place in all
oxygenic photosynthetic organisms from cyanobacteria to higher plants, have a unique lipid …