Ion channels on the surface membrane of sinoatrial nodal pacemaker cells (SANCs) are the
proximal cause of an action potential. Each individual channel type has been thoroughly …

About 50 years ago, pioneering work initiated by Silvio Weidmann and others applied the
Hodgkin-Huxley formalism of membrane excitation to interpret the cardiac electrical activity …

Electrical stimulation is the standard technique for exploring electrical behavior of heart
muscle, but this approach has considerable technical limitations. Here we report expression …

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are nonselective cationic channels that are
generally Ca2+ permeable and have a heterogeneous expression in the heart. In the …

Rhythmic increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration underlie the contractile function of
the heart. These heart muscle-wide changes in intracellular Ca2+ are induced and …

Influx of sodium ions through voltage-gated sodium channels in cardiomyocytes is essential
for proper electrical conduction within the heart. Both acquired conditions associated with …

Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger regulating diverse
functions in almost all mammalian cell types. It is generated by membrane receptors that …

The mammalian heartbeat is thought to begin just prior to the linear heart tube stage of
development. How the initial contractions are established and the downstream …

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells changed the field of regenerative medicine
and inspired the technological development of direct reprogramming or the process by …

The sinoatrial node (SAN) maintains a rhythmic heartbeat; therefore, a better understanding
of factors that drive SAN development and function is crucial to generation of potential …