Visual opsin genes expressed in the rod and cone photoreceptor cells of the retina are core
components of the visual sensory system of vertebrates. Here, we provide an overview of the …

Many animals depend on the sense of vision for survival. In eumetazoans, vision requires
specialized, light-sensitive cells called photoreceptors. Light reaches the photoreceptors …

In animals, opsins and cryptochromes are major protein families that transduce light signals
when bound to light-absorbing chromophores. Opsins are involved in various light …

Cetaceans are fully aquatic mammals that descended from terrestrial ancestors, an iconic
evolutionary transition characterized by adaptations for underwater foraging via breath-hold …

Visual systems adapt to different light environments through several avenues including
optical changes to the eye and neurological changes in how light signals are processed and …

Sensory systems evolve and enable organisms to perceive their sensory Umwelt, the unique
set of cues relevant for their survival. The multiple components that comprise sensory …

Sensory systems provide valuable insight into the evolution of molecular mechanisms
underlying organismal anatomy, physiology, and behaviour. Visual pigments, which mediate …

Cichlids encompass one of the most diverse groups of fishes in South and Central America,
and show extensive variation in life history, morphology, and colouration. While studies of …

Extreme environments, such as Antarctic habitats, present major challenges for many
biological processes. Antarctic icefishes (Crynotothenioidea) represent a compelling system …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a crucial role as membrane receptors, facilitating
the communication of eukaryotic species with their environment and regulating cellular and …