The early immune response to HIV-1 infection is likely to be an important factor in
determining the clinical course of disease. Recent data indicate that the HIV-1 quasispecies …

HIV is a disease in which the original clinical observations of severe opportunistic infections
gave the first clues regarding the underlying pathology, namely that HIV is essentially an …

CD8+ T cells contribute to the control of HIV, but it is not clear whether initial immune
responses modulate the viral set point. We screened high-risk uninfected women twice a …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants
that escape convalescent and vaccine-induced antibody responses has renewed focus on …

After initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), a rapid decline in HIV viral load is followed by a
long period of undetectable viremia. Viral outgrowth assay suggests the reservoir continues …

Deep sequencing technologies have the potential to transform the study of highly variable
viral pathogens by providing a rapid and cost-effective approach to sensitively characterize …

A prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine offers the best hope to curb the HIV-AIDS epidemic
gripping sub-Saharan Africa, but it remains elusive. A major challenge is the extreme viral …

Without therapy, most people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ultimately
progress to AIDS. Rare individuals ('elite controllers') maintain very low levels of HIV RNA …

Microbial pathogens have developed complex and efficient ways of counteracting and
evading innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. The strategies used by pathogens …

Mutationally constrained epitopes of variable pathogens represent promising targets for
vaccine design but are not reliably identified by sequence conservation. In this study, we …