Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the pathogen that causes
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 25 May 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has …

Background Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a treatment strategy which stimulates
the human immune system to kill tumor cells. Tumor immunotherapy is based on immune …

Personalized medicine tailors therapies, disease prevention, and health maintenance to the
individual, with pharmacogenomics serving as a key tool to improve outcomes and prevent …

Abstract Treatment of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains challenging.
Although HGSOC can potentially be responsive to immunotherapy owing to endogenous …

Immune checkpoints are inhibitory receptor/ligand pairs regulating immunity that are
exploited as key targets of anti-cancer therapy. Although the PD-1/PD-L1 pair is one of the …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that binds to its
receptor PD-1 expressed by T cells and other immune cells to regulate immune responses; …

Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer that develops from
transformed melanocytes. It is crucial to identify melanoma at its early stages, in situ, as it is …

The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem comprised of many different cell types,
abnormal vasculature and immunosuppressive cytokines. The irregular growth kinetics with …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the main population of immune cells
present in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. These cells are characterized by high …