▪ Abstract Motor systems can adapt rapidly to changes in external conditions and to
switching of internal goals. They can also adapt slowly in response to training, alterations in …

Over the last 30 years, many laboratories have examined, in parallel, the feeding behaviour
of gastropod molluscs and the properties of the nervous system that give rise to this …

Although it is widely recognized that adaptive behavior emerges from the ongoing
interactions among the nervous system, the body, and the environment, it has only become …

The Aplysia multifunctional feeding central pattern generator (CPG) produces at least two
types of motor programs, ingestion and egestion, that involve two sets of radula movements …

Objective. To understand neural circuit dynamics, it is critical to manipulate and record many
individual neurons. Traditional recording methods, such as glass microelectrodes, can only …

Operant conditioning is characterized by the contingent reinforcement of a designated
behavior. Previously, feeding behavior in Aplysia has been demonstrated to be modified by …

Despite numerous physiological studies about reflexes in the spinal cord, the contribution of
mechanosensory feedback to active locomotion and the nature of underlying spinal circuits …

Learning can lead to changes in the intrinsic excitability of neurons. However, the extent to
which these changes persist and the role they have in the expression of memory remain …

Feeding behavior of Aplysia provides an excellent model system for analyzing and
comparing mechanisms underlying appetitive classical conditioning and reward operant …

Growing evidence suggests that different forms of complex motor acts are constructed
through flexible combinations of a small number of modules in interneuronal networks. It …